![]() ![]() Type: Publisher of the source is identified. Be careful to avoid engaging in logical fallacies such as loaded language, ![]() This understanding can positively or negatively influence an audience. Purpose: Explaining the author’s social or political stance can help a reader to understand why that author expresses a particular view. Ralph Spencer, who has ties to the White Nationalist movement, denies… Type: Author’s social or political stance, if necessary to the content, is explained.Įxample: Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Roland Hayes, prominent civil rights activist, preaches… Pointing to an author’s lack of credentials can be beneficial when developing your response to counter-arguments. Purpose: Identifying an author’s lack of credentials in a given area can help illustrate a lack of authority on the subject matter and persuade the audience not to adopt the author’s ideas. Type: Author’s lack of credentials is indicated.Įxample: Matthew Spencer, whose background is in marriage counseling, not foreign policy, claims… Including the author’s credentials gives your readers a reason to consider your sources. Purpose: Presenting an author’s credentials should help build credibility for the passage you are about to present. Type: Author’s credentials are indicated.Įxample: Grace Chapmen, Curator of Human Health & Evolutionary Medicine at the Springfield Natural History Museum, explains… Types of Attributive Tags (attributive tag is underlined in each example) Notice how each signal phrase verb is followed by a comma, which is then followed by one space before the opening quotation mark. He then specifies, “I would argue that the conversation got under way in earnest in 1971, when Berry published an article in The Last Whole Earth Catalogue” (29).Pollan continues, “But the national conversation unfolding around the subject of food and farming really began in the 1970s” (29).Michael Pollan observes, “Americans today are having a national conversation about food and agriculture that would have been impossible to imagine even a few short years ago” (29).Any future signal phrase should refer to the author by last name only or with a pronoun when it’s perfectly clear to whom the pronoun refers. But in MLA papers, if you are referring to an author for the first time in your essay, you should include that author’s first name. APA style guidelines require no reference to a first name at any point in an essay and few if any gender specific pronouns. In most instances, a signal phrase should contain only the last name of the author or authors of the source text (as opposed to the author’s first and last name). Referring to the Author within a Signal Phrase ![]() Other little boys began to shake and sob too.\) The back smoke before the burning wreckage of the island and infected by that emotion, the Great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body.
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